Bulking yarn



Feb. 9, 1960 J, GRlSE-T, JR" ETAL 2,924,000

BULKING YARN Filed Jan. 26, 1955 llllllllllllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'- Milli/ M ATTORNEY United States Patent O M BULKING YARN Application January 26, 1955, Serial No. 484,218

4 claims. (c1. zs--n This invention relates to the production of continuous filament yarn characterized by the presence of tight curls or loops of small diameter, and, if desired, localized areas of increased denier.

In commonly owned application Serial No. 460,166, led October 4, 1954, now U.S. Patent Number 2,874,445, there is disclosed a method and apparatus for bulking continuous lament yarn. In -that application there is disclosed a nozzle for projecting an air jet into which the yarn to be bulked is led. This air jet impinges against a baille and it has been found that the spacial relation between the end of the nozzle and the bafe is an important factor in controlling the diameter of the loops which are formed. In general the smaller the distance between the nozzle and baille the smaller will be the diameter of the loops produced. However, it has been found that the production of very small diameter loops is fraught with great 2,024,000 Patented Feb. 9, 1960 leaving the conduit 23, the yarn is subjected to the inuence of air impinging against a baiile plate 24 and is then led over various guides to a tension controlling feeler arm 25. As is described in application Serial No. 460,166, the feeler arm 25 adjusts a brake bearing on the sheaves 14 and 15 inversely as a function of the tension of the yarn running from the feeler arm 25 to the take-up spool 26. A spring 27 does the braking and, if less tension is needed, arm 25 functions to relieve some of the bias imposed on the brake by the spring 27.

[If now reference is made to Figures 2, 3 and 4, it can be seen that tube 23 is provided with an internal spiral wire 28 which has enough radial bias to retain itself in position by friction. When yarn is bulked by using the app-aratus of Figure 1 with the improvement shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 and with the baille 24 about IAG inch from the discharge end of the tube 23 excellent bulky yarn is l i.e., opposite to the direction of the arrow of Figure 2.

diiiiculty which is not overcome even by locating the baille very close to the nozzle.

It is an object of this invention to overcome the foregoing difliculty and to provide a method and apparatus for the production of bulkyyarn characterized by curls or loops of extremely small diameter of the order of the diameter of the thread undergoing bulking.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following description of several embodiments thereof in conjunction with the annexed drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a schematic view in elevation showing a yarn or thread supply package, a bulking mechanism incorporating the improvements of the present invention and the package take-up apparatus;

Figure 2 is a view in longitudinal section of a nozzle assembly showing the spiral wire of the present invention in operative position;

Figure 3 is a view in transverse section taken on the line 3 3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a detailed view to an enlarged scale of a preferred jet tube according to the present invention, the illustrated tube being divorced from the nozzle such as is shown in Figure 2; and

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 but showing a modified type of jet tube according to the present invention.

Referring now in greater detail to the drawings, the numeral 10 designates a supply package containing yarn to be bulked. This yarn is led through guides 11, 12 and 13 to and around a large sheave or pulley 14 of a two-step coaxial pulley system including also a small sheave or pulley 15. The pulleys 14 and 1S are xed together but mounted for free rotation on a shaft 16 which is supported from a bracket 17, which is, in turn, fastened to a tting 18. The fitting 18 has a threaded end 19 which isconnected to coupling 20.

The yarn leaving the underside of the large pulley or sheave 14 runs to and over a guide 21 into a notch 22 in a jet tube or conduit 23 to be acted upon by a stream of air under pressure supplied from coupling 20. After This too is preferred but not critical.

Although excellent results have been achieved by inserting a spiral wire in the tube of the nozzle assembly as shown in Figure 4, it is also possible to achieve the same effect by cutting or milling lands or grooves in the bore of the tube much as in the riiling of tire arms. An example of this is shown in Figure 5 Where spiral lands 29 have been machined inside a tube 30 otherwise corresponding in structure and function to tube 23. The width of the lands 29 or intermediate grooves 31 can be varied to suit different conditions of operation. Likewise the helix angle can be varied although a helix angle generally corresponding to the yarn twist is desirable. The portion of the length of the bore of the tube that is provided with a spiral wire or with lands and grooves is a matter of how much is needed to baflile the air into a spiral path. Equally satisfactory results have been obtained when the spiral wire occupies substantially the full length of tube 23 or when it occupies only the small diameter portion thereof. The invention will be further illustrated by the. following examples:

EXAMPLE I 300/ acetate yarn having 5 t.p.i. of Z twist was passed through a bulking device as shown in Figure 1. The diameter of the small pulley was 0.9375 inch, and the diameter of the large pulley was 1.125 inches. The nozzle section of the jet was 1A inch long with an internal diameter of 0.047 inch, and the venturi section was 1 inch long with an internal diameter of 0.067 inch. A spiral wire 0.020 inch in diameter and containing 4 t.p.i. of Z twist was inserted in the nozzle and the venturi section of the jet as shown in Figure 4. The baflie at the exit end of the jet formed an angle of with respect to the axis of the jet. The distance from the jet to the baille at the closest point was 1,44 inch. The air pressure was adjusted to a consumption of 2 c.f.m., and the yarn was collected on a tube Winder take-up without imparting any additional twist. The take-up speed was 54 yards per minute, and the take-up tension was 35 grams.

The yarn was bulked with the foregoing apparatus, both with and without the spiral wire. The average diameter of the main yarn body, exclusive of loops or curls, was approximately 0.3 mm. The loops or curls that were produced in the bulked yarn were measured and compared with the diameter of the main yarn body. When.

Table l Percent;k Unbulkad` Bulked Denier Increase EXAMPLE II This example was run on the sameapparatus as described in Example I with the following changes: The yarn used was v150/ 40 viscose rayon containing 5.5 vt.p.i. of S twist; a spiral wire containing 4 t.p.i..S twist was used; the air consumption was adjusted to 2.5 c.f.m.

The diameter of the main yarn body ,was approximately 0.25 mm. When the spiral wire was. used,; about of the loops were larger than 0.2.5 mm. When the spiral wire was not used, about 30%offthe-1oops were larger than 0.25 mm.

Data lon the change in denier, with and wit-houtthe spiral wire, is given in Table II.r`

Table I I Percent Unbulked Bulked Denier Increase Without spiral 150. 9 161. 0 7. 1 With spiral 150. 9 164. 5 9. 0

ously passing a multilament yarn into an opening comz municating with said passageway and axially through said. spiral dening means, subjecting Asaid yarn to the action of the whirling gas stream while it passes axially through said spiral defining means, and abruptly changing the direction of yarn travel.

2.. Apparatusfor bulking yarn ,comprising a iet @sans in axial alignment with a tubular passageway discharging into the atmosphere, means to supply gas under high pressure to said jet means, means to continuously supply a yarn to an opening communicating with said tubular passageway, spiral deliningmeans within said passageway to cause said gas to flowincontact with said yarn while said yarn is passedr axially through said spiral dening means... said opening being disposed,` intelmediatg Said jet means and the end ofsaidtubulanpassageway ,discharging into theatmosphere, and means for changing the direction of yam travel at the exit end of the tubular passageway.

3. Apparatus for bulking yarn comprising a yet means in axial alignment witha tubular kpassageway discharging into the atmosphere, means to supply gas under high pressure to said jet means, means to continuously supply a yarn to an opening communicating, `with said tubular passageway;` a vspiral wirewithin saidl passageway to cause said gas to rilow in a spiral path in contact with said yarn while said yarn is passed axiallyV through said spiral wire, said opening being disposed intermediate said jet means and the end gof said tubular passageway discharging into the atmosphere, and means for` changing the direction of yarntravel at the exit end of; the tubplar passageway.

4.. Apparatusfor bulking, yarn-.comprising a iet-,means in axiaiialignment with aftubular passageway dischargins into the atmosphere.. means :to Supply a. sas under high rressre -to -saidiet means,v means. t0, continuusly supply, a yarn to an Aopening communicating with said tubularL passageway, anintegral spiral land Within said passageway to ycause said gas to iiowin a lspiral path lin contact with said lyarn while said yarn is passed axially throughsaid spiral land, said opening being disposed intermediate said jet means and the end of said-tubular passageway discharging into'the atmosphere, and means for: changing the direction'of yarn travel at the 4exit end ofthe tubularpassageway. i

References Cited -in the tile of this patent UNITED.` STATES JPATENTS 2,100,588' Claus s Nov. 30, 1937 2,125,230 Hofmann July 26, 1938 l 2,379,824 MummeryV .7. July 3, 1945 2,638,146 Y Rounseville et al. -v May 12, 1953 2,681,729l Griset 1. June 22 1954 2,783,609 Breen Mar. 5,v 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 495,767 Germany -Apr. 11, 1930 

